Opening the PDF files on this page may require you to download Adobe Reader or an equivalent viewer (GhostScript).

(B): The child of BCPL and direct parent of C. [ kbman.html ] [ bintro.html ] and Dennis Ritchie's page [ http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/ ] (Thank you Mark Huthcinson for this link).

(C): Developed from B... and went thru to incarnations: K&R C and ANSI C, then grew up to become [ C++ ] [ c.html ] [ comp.c.syntax.html ] [ c.syntax.html ] [ c.semantics.html ] [ top.html ] [ c.php ] And HHOS: [ C_Prog_Debug.html ] [ 00001.html ] (Filk)
(C++): Child of C. [ c++.html ] [ c++.glossary.html ] [ c++.semantics.html ] [ c++.standard.syntax.html ] [ c++.syntax.html ] [ http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/c++std/ ]
(STL): The Standard <Template> Library(STL) for C++ [ stl.html ] [ http://www.Planet-Source-Code.com/PlanetSourceCode/ ]
(D): the D programming language from Digital Mars:

D was conceived in December 1999 by Walter Bright as a reengineering of C and C++, and has grown and evolved with helpful suggestions and critiques by friends and colleagues.

http://www.digitalmars.com

(DITA): Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA XML) [ dita.html ]

(ici): Quote: "ICI is a C-like, high level language originally developed by Tim Long and placed into the public domain. ICI marries C's expression syntax, control structures and overall feel , with a dynamic, garbage collected, object-based, data model." [ http://www.zeta.org.au/~atrn/ici/ ] Note. Funny isn't that what [ C# ] does?

(C#): Csharp or C-Hash? A Microsoft controled version of C++ designed to compete and beat Java as part of the .NET final solution. See news stories: [ 2100-1001-242414.html?legacy=cnet&tag=st ] [ 0-1003-200-2154069.html?tag=st ] and a useful source of information: [ index.htm ] (FunctionX).

(Hungarian): A way of coding C programs with explicit type information: [ comp.prog.5_Hungarian.html ]

(Clojure): a dialect of LISP that runs on top of Java [ http://clojure.org ]

(COBOL): "I DON'T GET NO RESPECT." [ cobol.syntax.html ] The only language to really help programmers handle money and traditional record based data files cleanly and simply.

(COBOL User Groups COBUG): COBUG provides the COBOL community with a comprehensive web site that contains current references to COBOL user groups, compilers, code samples, COBOL jobs, and many other COBOL programming resources. We are committed to developing COBOL user groups and providing an information resource for the COBOL community. We currently have more than 700 members and 12 user groups worldwide. The COBOL community benefits from our local COBOL user groups, web site, forums, and peer support. [ http://www.cobug.com/ ]

Other links: [ cbdhome.html ] [ http://www.cobolportal.com/ ] [ ooc.html ] [ http://www.cobolostandards.com/ ] [ index.html ] [ http://cobolforgcc.sourceforge.net/ ] [ http://www.csis.ul.ie/COBOL/ ] [ ring.htm ]

(COBOLScript): languages [ http://www.deskware.com/ ]

(ASP Active Server Pages): MS rival for server programming: see PHP and JSP [ wiki?ActiveServerPages ]
(PHP): dynamic web pages, rival to JSP and ASP [ http://www.php.net/ ] and Paul Conrad's [ http://www.csci.csusb.edu/public/csci/pconrad/ ] Graduate Independent study [ php_intro.html ] of the syntax and semantics of PHP
(JSP): Java based scripting/markup language.

(Javascript): scripting on pages and servers [ javascript.html ]

(Java): Compiled OO running on pages(clientside) and in servers [ java.html ] [ http://cse.csusb.edu/dick/cs320/java/ ] [ ../cs320/java/ ] [ java.www.sites.html ] [ index.html ] [ index.html ]
(P'Nuts Scripting language for the Java Environment): languages [ http://javacenter.sun.co.jp/pnuts/ ]
(Java Certification Program): languages [ solutions.html ]
(How to Write Bad Java Code): languages [ unmain.html ]
(JavaPP: CSP primitives for Java Threads:Cooperating Sequential Processes): languages [ javapp.html ]

(Julia Language): Matlab and R but faster... [ http://julialang.org ]

Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of other technical computing environments. It provides a sophisticated compiler, distributed parallel execution, numerical accuracy, and an extensive mathematical function library. The library, mostly written in Julia itself, also integrates mature, best-of-breed C and Fortran libraries for linear algebra, random number generation, FFTs, and string processing. More libraries continue to be added over time. Julia programs are organized around defining functions, and overloading them for different combinations of argument types (which can also be user-defined).

(Pascal): Simple but powerful parent of Ada and Modular [ pascal.syntax.html ]

(Scala): A Combination of f=unctional, oo, .... that compiles into JVM or .NET [ scala.syntax.html ] (local) [ Scala_(programming_language) ] (Wikipedia) [ ScalaReference.pdf ] [PDF] The Scala Language Specification

(Smalltalk): First language hyped as object-oriented [ smalltalk.html ]

(UNIX): The other operating system
(sh): UNIX Bourne Shell [ unix.syntax.html ]

(Eiffel): OO Engineer? [ http://www.eiffel.com/ ]

(FORTH): Designed to control telescopes but uniquely flexible and efficient. [ http://www.forth.org/ ] [ http://forth.com/starting-forth/ ]

(FORTRAN): the October Horse of Languages. [ http://www.j3-fortran.org/ ]

(GROOVY): worst name prize but looks like Java with fewer rules [ http://groovy.codehaus.org/ ]

(LISP): List Processing -- (functional (simple (powerful (fun)))) [ lisp.html ] [ cltl2.html ] [ http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/cltl/clm/ ] [ lisp.html ] [ faq.html(A flowering bed of parentheses in the Spring)] .

And see Clojure.

(little b): A biological? language (2008) [ http://www.littleb.org/ ] sharing mathematical models of complex systems... for example ODEs Ordinary Differential Equations. Quote

Aneil Mallavarapu is the author and inventor of little b, and runs the project. Little b is based in Common Lisp and contains mechanisms for rule-based reasoning, symbolic mathematics and object-oriented definitions. The syntax is designed to be terse and human-readable to facilitate communication. The environment is both interactive and compilable.

(ML): Meta-Language [ index.html ] [ ml.syntax.html ]

(Mozart): See Oz below.

(Occam): Eliminating all but the necessary entities we get a very simple but powerful language. Dr. Gomez has sent me a link to a free and linux-based Occam: [ ?branch_id=34824&release_id=104099Can be compiled to run on a network of communicating computers] .

(Oz): Multiparadigm Language [ features.html ]

(Scribble): Multiplayer graphic "One laptop per child" [click here [socket symbol] scribble if you can fill this hole]

(Scheme): Modernized LISP secure lisp: [ secure.html ]
(scheme-48): Sample of Scheme [ http://s48.org/ ]

(Prolog): Programming Logic [ prolog.html ] [ http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/cs320/prolog/ ]
(Kernel Prolog - Open Source Project): logic programming languages [ kernelprolog.html ]
(logtalk Object Oriented Prolog): logic programming languages [ logtalk.html ]

(Perl): Pathologically Eclectic Report Language and the engine that drives a lot of the WWW [ perl.html ] [ http://www.perl.com/ ] //www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/doc/perl.FAQ.txt

(Python): structured Object-Oriented...
(Notes on Python): [ python.html ]

(Ruby): structured, object-oriented, tidy rival to Perl. [ http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/ ]

Here are some Ruby systems:

http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/

[ http://www.erikveen.dds.nl/rubyscript2exe/ ] - 'compiler' with limited library (if it works for what he needs, I suggest this)

[ http://www.erikveen.dds.nl/allinoneruby/ ] - 'compiler' with complete ruby library

From: Andrew Murphy (CSCI 320) Comp Sci, CSUSB.

Modula-3

home.html

//ftp.gte.com/pub/m3/linux-journal.html

(charity): "Charity is a categorical programming language" [ home.html ]

(ECLiPSe): (ECRC Constraint Logic Parallel System) is a logic programming system open for extensions, especially in the CLP area. [ reports.html ]

(LOGO): a tool for learning [ programming.html ]

 		to logo

 		repeat manytimes [ typecommand ]

end

(LOTOS): [ LOTOS.html ]

(PEPA): Performance Evaluation Process Algebra [ PEPA.html ]

(Linda): A distributed n-tuple based language by David Gerlernter, the Yale professor, was later the target of a Unabomb attack [ trivia.63c.html ] [click here if you can fill this hole]

(Obliq): "Obliq is a lexically-scoped untyped interpreted language that supports distributed object-oriented computation." Luca Cardelli 1994 [ src-rr-122.html ]
(Visual Obliq): Visual Obliq [ VOHome.html ]

(Legion): parallel processing, high performance, object-oriented, distributed systems, metasystems, wide area, gigabit networks [ index.html ]

(O-plan): Open Planning Architecture [ http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/~oplan/ ]

(Mathematica): Pretty pictures of equations! But wait! There is more! [ http://www.wri.com/ ] Wolfram Research.

(APL): A Programming Language. Hundreds of mathematical/vector/array/etc operations and primitive control structures. Book: K. E. Iverson, A Programming Language, Wiley, 1962

ACM Special Interest Group: SIGAPL [ http://www.sigmod.org/sigapl/ ] See also J.

(J): Child of APL. [ wiki?JayLanguage ]

(Erlang): parallel, concurrent, asynchronous message passing, functional, applicative, FP, programming language definition, PLD, [ http://erlang.org/ ] (Website -- books and open source) [ http://www.cbel.com/erlang_programming_language/ ] (general) [ Erlang_(programming_language) ] (Wikipedia) [ videoplay?docid=-5830318882717959520 ] (video) Website [Larson09]

(Icon): goal oriented, coroutine coexpression generator, SL5, [ http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ ] [ index.html ] Also see ancestor Snobol(Griswold).

(Oberon): N. Wirth //neptune.inf.ethz.ch/

(Snobol): Based on Markov algorithms and string processing, and named as a result of the paper snowballs thrown at people when the language was being developed, I hear See child Icon.

(BCPL): Basic CPL, parent of B, and so grandparent of C etc. A language where all data is 16 bits and that used a dot where C/C++ uses an asterisk. There is a rich set of control structures inherited from CPL. Also multiple assignments! [ clive-on-bcpl.html ] [ bcpl.html ]

(CPL): This ancestor of C used the typographical doubled S section marker to start blocks! The meaning of the acronym was disputed. Powerful control structures and other statements. BCPL was a practical system language developed from it.... see above.

(Gwydion Dylan): languages [ http://www.gwydiondylan.org/ ]
(Malbolge the Programming language from Hell): languages [ index.html ]
(Universal Networking Language, Hiroshi Uchida): languages [ http://www.unl.ias.unu.edu/ ]

(Tcl): [ -z_programming_languages_tcl ]

Functional Languages

Functional languages in Software Engineering

hudak-paul.html

Mercury is a new logic/functional programming language

http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/research/mercury/

LINQ Language INtegrate Query

LINQ

Meijer11

Beckman12

More? [click here if you can fill this hole]

Graphical Programming

Analysis, Specification, Modeling and Design

DITA

dita.html

(LarchC++: Object-oriented specification techniques.): languages [ larchc++.html ]
(ACL2): languages [ acl2-doc.html ]
(Model Integration): languages [ http://www.modelint.com/ ]
(MATHS): My own notation used for these pages [ http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/ ] targets understanding and modelling the problem before trying to solve it.
(SDL site): language [ http://www.sdl-forum.org/ ]
(Spec#): Microsoft's Specification language for design by contract [ http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/specsharp/ ] with compilers (Boogie) and other tools that fit

(UML): Unified Modeling Language. [ UML in methods ] [ uml.html ]
(2 Years after UML Standard Sinan Si Alhir): languages [ #theumltwoyearsafteradoptionofthestand ]
(Rational): languages [ index.jtmpl ]
(UML Dictionary): languages [ UML.htm ]
(OCL Object constraint language): IBM Application Development [ ocl.html ]
(Z): Mathematical specification language. Elegant but needs TeX. [ z.syntax.html ] [ Z in methods ]

Markup Languages

Markdown

the-future-of-markdown.html

HTML

comp.html.glossary.html

comp.html.syntax.html

SGML

comp.text.SGML.html

(XML): eXtendable Markup Language, [ xml.html ] Note compare XML with YAML and JSON for encoding data.

(DocBook): XML languages [ http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/ ] [ docbook-intro.html ]
(Doing It With XML, Part 1 by Ken Sall): languages [ index.html ]
(OpenMath): XML languages [ http://www.openmath.org/ ]
(SVG XML based W3C Scalable Vector Graphics ): languages [ http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ ]
(a XML): languages [ axml.html ]

(TeX): (Tau epsilon Chi) -- For mathematical typography by Donald Knuth: [ comp.text.TeX.html ] [ comp.text.TeX.Mathematical.html ] [ people.html#Donald Knuth ] [ tex.html ]
(LaTeX): A library and set of tools developed by Leslie Lamport for Donald Knuth's TeX markup language. The following links are from Ken Han at CSUSB:

(LaTex Tutorial): [ tutorials.html ] [ http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/ ] [ LaTeX-Home.html ] [ http://it.metr.ou.edu/latex/ ] [ index.html ]

(LaTeX Software tools): [ Setup.aspx ] (for Windows) and [ tex-index.html ] (for Mac OS X).

(rtf): RichText Format [ rtf15_spec.htm ] (Version 1.5)

(PostScript): Actually a page description language developed by Adobe. [ http://www.tjhsst.edu/~edanaher/pslife/ ] (Conway's game of life in PostScript).

Meta-Languages

(International Standard EBNF Syntax Notation): language [ iso-ebnf.html ]

Documentation -- Ways for recording data about software and systems

dita.html

My MATHS language: [ http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/ ]

For more see [ Analysis, Modeling and Design ] above.

Unclassified Languages

VRML

vrml.html

Checks Pattern Language of Information Integrity

checks.html

YAML

YAML Ain't a Markup Language

refcard.html

http://yaml.org/spec/

JSON

JSON.html

Artificial Universal Languages

Basic English

Basic_English

Blissymbol Semantography

Blissymbol

Bliss42

Charles K Bliss
Semantography ( Blissymbolics) 2nd Edn
Semantography ( Blissymbolics), Sydney Australia 1942 [ http://www.semantography.com/ ]
=ADVERT GRAPHIC SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE
Dictionary of symbols [ http://www.semantography.com/4/ ]

http://www.blissymbolics.org/

http://www.blissymbolics.us/animations/

bliss-rules.pdf

http://www.blissymbolics.us/

http://www.crockford.com/blissym/

lesson1.pdf

blissymbolics.htm

(Dutton Speed Words): [ Dutton_Speedwords ]
(Espranto): [ Esperanto ]
(Loglan): [ Loglan ]
(Lojban): Loglan's bastard [ Lojban ]
(Shavian): Phonetic script for English [ Shavian ]

Pointers to Other Languages

lookup.php

bib.php

FAST Search

?_oldhost=alltheweb.com

Google search

http://groups.google.com/

A Note on comments in Computer languages

Table

Language	Sample Comments	Note
FORTRAN	C THIS IS A COMMENT	in column one, to end of card
COBOL	* COMMENT	in collumn 8??, to end of card
XLISP	; this is a comment	to end of line
Algol 60	comment this is a comment;	+ another format
Algol 68	I forget!
Pascal	{ this is a comment }
BASIC	'this is a comment	to end of line
C	/* this is a comment */
Prolog	% this is a comment	to end of line
C++	// this is a comment	to end of line
Java	/** this is a doc-comment */	Includes C++ comments
UNIX shells	# this is a comment	to end of line
PHP	all of the above?

Glossary

HHOS::="Ho Ho Only Serious", serious thoughts expressed using joke.

. . . . . . . . . ( end of section My Computer Languages Page) <<Contents | End>>