.Open Index of Samples of MATHS Documentation
. About my samples
These pages are part of Richard J Botting's
professional development program.   They demonstrate how a simple
formal language 
.See ../maths/
can be used in developing software
and web pages.

These pages are not about code but about ways of thinking about
problems and solutions.  They often focus on the special languages and
protocols that form a large part of computing.
. Changes
(changes 2008):
.Box
 New set of Frequently Asked Questions for simple CS1 C++
.See ./c++.FAQ.html
.Close.Box
(changes 2007):
.Box
 New summary of mapping \TeX to HTML
.See ./tex2html.html
in MATHS.  Includes list of Greek alphabet.
 Improved information on
.See ./people.html#Societies
 New topic
.See ./etc.html#Visualization and Diagrams and Presentations
.Close.Box
(new 2006): following
.Box
	(Winter 2006): URLs
.See ./URL.syntax.html
	(Summer 2006): Z
.See ./z.html
.See ./comp.spec.Z.html

.See ./tenses.html
(From an English Grammar)

.See ./tautologies.html
(From Reichenbach45)
	(Spring 2006) TeX
.See ./languages.html#TeX
.See ./comp.text.TeX.html
.See ./comp.text.TeX.Mathematical.html
.Close.Box
(new 2005): following
.Box
	(November) Prime Numbers
.See ./primes.html
	(October) Sudoku
.See ./sudoku.html
	(Summer) Medieval Logic
.See ./syllogisms.html
	(June) Initial documentation on PHP
.See ./php_intro.html
	(June) Moving UML documentations from 1.* to UML2.0
.See ./uml.html
.Close.Box
(new 2004): following
.Box
 New entry on ontologies (logical models of parts of the world): $Ontologies.
 (Z Syntax): recreated
.See http://www/dick/samples/z.syntax.html
from a copy in another directory in HTML!

(A):  A new small autocode
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/A.html
based on the languages I used in the 1960s.

(Minski): A small but universal language: $TBA
based on Minski's book.
.Close.Box
(new2003): following
.Box
(People in Software Development): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/people.html
(Tools for Software Development): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/tools.html
(General Software Development Links): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/etc.html
(Languages): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/languages.html
(Methods): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/methods.html
(Standards): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/standards.html
.Close.Box

. Search my samples 
This form has been improved and moved to
.See http://www/dick/lab.html
where you can search for more with less trouble.
. Some Simple Examples of Math in Use 
(filter to allow case insensitive searches of my bibliography): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/nocase.html
(Mar 14th 2000)
(Analysis of the Sudoku puzzle): Careful definition
.See ./sudoku.html
(Solving a Car Talk Puzzler about a fishing expedition): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/fish.html
(Mathematical Model of the "99 Beers on a Wall Song"): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/99beers.html
(Mathematical Model of A Data Mart Project): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/project.html
(Selecting FTP jobs to kill): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/hours.html
(Recognizing Abbreviations for Months): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/months.html
(Word wrapping a file): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/br.d.html
. Descriptions of systems other than software 
(The Local csci.csusb.edu domain): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/csci.csusb.edu.html
. Glossaries 
(glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/glossary.html
(HTML.glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.html.glossary.html
(Methods.glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/methods.glossary.html
(objects.glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/objects.glossary.html
(Programming languages.Glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/languages.glossary.html

(Ada glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ada.glossary.html
(C++ glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.glossary.html
(Java glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.glossary.html
(Prolog glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.glossary.html
(SmallTalk glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smalltalk.glossary.html
(C++ Standard Template Library STL glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/stl.glossary.html
(Unified Modeling Language UML Glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/uml.glossary.html
. Mail 
(mail.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/mail.syntax.html
(comp.mail.MIME): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.mail.MIME.html
. Methods, Processes, Standard, Methodologists 
(Methods): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/methods.html
(Standards): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/standards.html
. Meta-languages 
(comp.text.Meta):  languages
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.Meta.html
and
(an introduction to XBNF): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/intro_ebnf.html
. Miscellaneous Notations 
(Colors): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/color.html
(comp.prog.5_Hungarian): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.prog.5_Hungarian.html
(comp.text.ASCII): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.ASCII.html
(comp.text.Meta):  languages that describe other languages:
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.Meta.html
(Regular Expressions): used in many languages (and in theory) to
describe sets of strings
.See ./regular_expressions.html
(Unified Modeling Language UML): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/uml.html
and the
(Object Constraint Language OCL): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ocl.html
plus 
(conjectural grammar .mdl file format Rational Rose): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/uml.mdl.html
mdl::DOS_file_extension=`indicates a Rational ROse model`.

(Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML): .
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/vrml.html
. Mark Up Languages 
(HTML syntax): HyperText Markup Language
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.html.syntax.html
(XHTML): eXtendable HTML (Febuary 2000)
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/xhtml.html
(SGML): Standard Generalized Markup Language
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.SGML.html
(TeX): Mathematical mark-up and type setting.
.See ./languages.html#TeX
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.text.TeX.html
.See ./comp.text.TeX.Mathematical.html
(XML): (eXtensible Markup Language).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/xml.html

Also see
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/languages.html
. Patterns
(patterns): GRASP, OO, Gof, ...
.See ./patterns.html
. Ontologies
Ontology::=`A logical model of a domain typically expressing relations between classes of objects`.  
The syntax seems to be usally based on $LISP (hasPurpose SomeThing reasonForBeing) or $XML.
Aristotle seems to have been the first, archetypal, ontologist.
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_%28computer_science%29
(Wikipedia)
.See http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/related.html
(projects)
.See http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html
(FAQ)
.See http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/
(Pizza).

(Cyc): The closed source grand-daddy of all computerized ontologies
developed by Doug Lenat , which has an open source version called $OpenCyc 
(OpenCyc): The top 1% of $Cyc taxonomy and open.
.See http://www.cyc.com/SUO/opencyc-ontology.txt
(5Megabytes of LISPy text)

(SUMO): Suggested Upper Merged Ontology.
An open source formal upper 
ontology  
.See http://www.ontologyportal.org/
developed under the IEEE 
P1600.1 Standard Upper Ontology Working Group 
.See http://suo.ieee.org/
and maintained by Adam Pease 
.See http://home.earthlink.net/~adampease/professional/
SUMO can be browsed 
on-line at 
.See http://icosym-nt.cvut.cz/kifb/en/
(BROKEN!)
and has a WikiPedia article
.See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggested_Upper_Merged_Ontology
, a UML model
.See http://ontology.teknowledge.com:8080/rsigma/Phytila/Phytila-SUMO.html
and another web site 
.See http://ontology.teknowledge.com/
  
(bibliographic items mentioning ontologies):  Including Doug Lenat...
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/bib.php?search=ontolog

(My notes on Ontologies): Modelling classifications
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/notn_16_Classification.html
and a sampler
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/logic_8_Natural_Language.html
of logical ontologies.

. Unified Modeling Language
Also known as the UML.
See
.See ./uml.html
and
.See ./ocl.html
(Object Constraint Language) plus a
conjectural grammar for the .mdl files used by Rational Rose
.See ./uml.mdl.html
.Open Programming Languages 
(Other languages): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/languages.html
(Languages Glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.lang.Glossary.html
. Ada
(Pointers to ada on the Web): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ada.html
(ada glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ada.glossary.html
(ada83 syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ada.syntax.html
. Algol
(algol60 syntax):  (Based on the Algol 60 Report).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/algol60.syntax.html

From an old CDC manual
.See http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~bernhard/Algol-BNF.html
(Bernhard Treutwein).

From the original via \TeX by Erik Schoenfelder
.See http://burks.brighton.ac.uk/burks/language/other/a60rr/report.htm
(Brigton University, Sussex, England)

(Algol 68 Wilhelm Bernhard Kloke): home page
.See http://vestein.arb-phys.uni-dortmund.de/~wb/index.html
and Revised Report
.See http://vestein.arb-phys.uni-dortmund.de/~wb/RR

. C and C++
(Pointers to the draft copy of the C++ Standard):  (the real standard costs money).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/c++std/
(syntax/BNF from the standard): Translated into XBNF
.See ./c++.standard.syntax.html
(Overview of C++):  
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.html
including pointers to:
(c++ glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.glossary.html
(c++ syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c++.syntax.html
(c semantics): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c.semantics.html
(c syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c.syntax.html
(Standard Template Library(STL)): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/stl.html
. COBOL
(Introduction): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/cobol.html
(Syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/cobol.syntax.html

. HyperTalk
(HyperTalk Handbook): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/hypertalk.html

. Java
(Pointers to Java Documentation): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.html
(syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.syntax.html
(semantics): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.semantics.html
(Applications Programmer Interfaces Java API 1.2):
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.1.2.classes.html
(API 1.0 to 1.1): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.class.tree.html
(Java Classes): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.classes.html
. JavaScript
(JavaScript): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/javascript.html
. LISP
(lisp.lexemes): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/lisp.lexemes.html
(lisp.semantics): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/lisp.semantics.html
(lisp.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/lisp.syntax.html
. Pascal
(pascal.lexemes): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/pascal.lexemes.html
(pascal.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/pascal.syntax.html
. Perl
(perl): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/perl.html
also see
.See Regular Expressions
below.
. PHP
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/php_intro.html
also see
.See Regular Expressions
below.
. Python
.See ./languages.html#Python
. Prolog
(Prolog Overview Pointers): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.html
(prolog.glossary):  
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.glossary.html
(prolog.semantics): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.semantics.html
(prolog.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.syntax.html
(prolog.predicates):  (For SWI-prolog).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.predicates.html
(prolog.www.sites):  
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.www.sites.html
(prolog.FAQ):  
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/prolog.questions
. Smalltalk
(smalltalk.glossary): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smalltalk.glossary.html
(smalltalk.semantics): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smalltalk.semantics.html
(smalltalk.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smalltalk.syntax.html
. Standard ML
(ml.syntax.html): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ml.syntax.html
. Small Languages
These are different starting points for an exercise in Object Oriented analysis
and design of programming languages 
.See http://www/dick/cs320/
course.  The student's first task is to find out what is wrong with
the LRMs below and then propose some fixes.  By the end of the quarter
they will have developed their own improved languages and LRMs.
All are welcome to attend these presentations.
.Box
(small):  a small language(January 2001)
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/small.html
(OJ):  a very small language(April 1st 2000)
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/oj.html
(Small Awk Language): (January 2000).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/smallawk.html
(A):  A small autocode
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/A.html
.Close.Box
.Close Programming Languages 
. Operating System Languages 
(unix linux commands): 
.See ./unix.commands.html
(unix syntax): UNIX operating system commands
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/unix.syntax.html
also see
.See Regular Expressions
(shell syntax): bash, ksh, csh, sh, ...
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/shell.syntax.html
also see
.See Regular Expressions
.Open Specification and Requirements Languages 
. IEEE SRS
(IEEE Standard SRS templates): 
.See http://www/dick/SRS/IEEEoutline.html

. Local SRS
(Local Standard SRS templates): 
.See http://www/dick/SRS/outline.html
(HTML)
.See http://www/dick/SRS/outline.mth
(MATHS)
. Unified
(Unified Modeling Language): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/uml.html
and the
(Object Constraint Language): (OCL).
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ocl.html
. Z
(comp.spec.Z): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/comp.spec.Z.html
(z.syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/z.syntax.html
.Close Specification and Requirements Languages 
.Open Languages For systems, Problem, and Domain Analysis 
(test translating URLs MATHS to HTML): (March 2000)
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/tester.html
(MATHS manifesto):  
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/monograph/10.manifesto.html
(MATHS README):
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/maths/intro_README.html
(MATHS lexicon): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/math.lexicon.html
(MATHS syntax): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/math.syntax.html

Some
.See Specification and Requirements Languages 
can also be used to describe problem domains and existing systems.
.Close Languages For systems, Problem, and Domain Analysis 

. Theories 
`There is nothing so practical as a good theory` 
.See end1

(Medieval Logic):Categorical syllogisms
.See ./syllogisms.html
(BAN logic authentication): June 2002
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/BAN.html

(Design Theory Circa 1995): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/design95.html
(Design Theory Circa 1999): 
.See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/design99.html

.Open End Notes 
. end1
The source for this quote is commonly
given as Kurt Lewin.  I'm trying to find it in a publication.
It certainly seems to reflect his attitude.
I thought it was Dirac.  I've heard of
other attributions.

.Close End Notes 
.Close Index of Samples of MATHS Documentation