This manual does not describe the full syntax and semantics of Prolog, nor how one should write a program in Prolog. These subjects have been described extensively in the literature. See [Bratko, 1986], [Sterling & Shapiro, 1986], and [Clocksin & Melish, 1987]. For more advanced Prolog material see [OKeefe, 1990]. Syntax and standard operator declarations confirm to the `Edinburgh standard'. Most built in predicates are compatible with those described in [Clocksin & Melish, 1987]. SWI-Prolog also offers a number of primitive predicates compatible with Quintus Prolog1.1 [Qui, 1997] and BIM_Prolog1.2[BIM, 1989].
ISO compliant predicates are based on ``Prolog: The Standard'', [Deransart et al., 1996], validated using [].